Echocardiogram
A transthoracic echocardiogram is a painless and non-invasive imaging procedure that involves transmitting ultrasound waves through the chest to evaluate heart muscle and valve function. This test plays a crucial role in diagnosing various conditions, including heart failure, cardiomyopathy, prior heart attacks, valve disorders, and congenital heart defects.
During a transthoracic echocardiogram, the patient is typically positioned on their left side in a semi-reclined posture for approximately 20-30 minutes. Initially, multiple views of the heart are obtained to allow for detailed measurements of chamber sizes, assessment of pumping and relaxation function, and Doppler evaluation to analyze blood flow across heart valves.
In some cases, a transesophageal echocardiogram (TOE) may be necessary, particularly for further assessment of specific heart valve abnormalities or valvular infections like infective endocarditis. This involves inserting a small ultrasound probe through the esophagus (food pipe) behind the heart, typically under local anesthesia and controlled sedation.
Findings from echocardiography may prompt recommendations for prescribed medications, procedures such as coronary angiography or insertion of heart rhythm devices, and even heart valve surgery when indicated.
